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When diving into a discipline like photogrammetry—where art meets science—it's incredibly valuable to learn from the experiences of those who came before you. By understanding the challenges they faced and the techniques they developed through trial and error, you can save time and improve your results right from the start.
This blog post is designed to guide you step by step through using the Elios 2 for indoor photogrammetry. While outdoor photogrammetry has its own set of rules, indoor environments present unique challenges such as the lack of GPS signals and limited or inconsistent lighting. In this post, we’ll share practical, field-tested tips to help you capture high-quality images and follow the best flight paths for successful indoor mapping.
### Image Quality
Indoor photogrammetry relies entirely on visual data since GPS isn’t available. Therefore, image quality is crucial. Here’s how to ensure it with the Elios 2:
- **Set the camera resolution to 4K**. Capturing at the highest resolution allows for more detail, and you can always downscale later if needed.
- **Maximize lighting intensity**. The lights automatically adjust to the brightest setting when you take off—don’t change this.
- **Keep the view unobstructed**. Avoid tilting the camera below -30° to prevent the cage from blocking the lens.
- **Adjust exposure correctly**. Set EV compensation to 0 unless you're near large structures, in which case you may need to adjust slightly.
- **Avoid high ISO values**. High ISO increases noise, which can degrade the final model. Fly closer to objects to reduce it.
- **Limit long exposure times**. Exposure longer than 1/60s can cause motion blur. Fly closer to reduce exposure time.
- **Fly slowly and avoid sudden movements**. Motion blur is directly related to speed, so slower flights yield better results.
- **Use fixed focal length**. The Elios 2 uses a fixed focal length, which is ideal for consistent photogrammetry results.
The **Photogrammetry Flight Mode** helps automate several of these settings, including:
- Fixing LED lights to maximum
- Setting EV to 0
- Reducing yaw rate
- Keeping camera pitch angles low
Data capture (left) vs 3D model (right)
[Download the dataset of a brick chimney]
### Flight Trajectory
A well-planned flight path is essential for accurate 3D modeling. Here are some key strategies:
- **Explore first**. Use an initial flight to identify landmarks and plan your route.
- **Use a grid pattern**. This ensures full coverage and helps maintain consistent image overlap.
- **Choose the right distance**. Closer flights increase detail but require more precise navigation.
- **Maintain constant distance**. Consistent scale improves image matching in photogrammetry software.
- **Ensure proper overlap**. Aim for at least 50% lateral overlap for better reconstruction.
- **Maintain visual continuity**. Avoid abrupt changes in direction or perspective that disrupt image alignment.
- **Close the loop**. Revisiting areas you’ve already covered helps correct drift and improve accuracy.
### Train, Try, and Persevere
Indoor photogrammetry is not easy, but with practice and patience, you'll get better over time. Apply the tips shared here, stay persistent, and soon you’ll be creating detailed digital twins of your assets. If you're interested, Pix4D also offers a webinar on indoor mapping.
This article is part of a series on photogrammetry:
- Why use photogrammetry to build 3D models of indoor spaces?
- Mining drones: Elios 2 creates photogrammetric models
- Building 3D models with Elios 2: how to acquire appropriate data for photogrammetry
- Building 3D models with Elios 2: processing data with a photogrammetry software
- Elios 2 Tested for Indoor Stockpile Volumetry, Produces 3D Maps Accurate to within 1 Centimeter