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Since 1945, when Percy Spencer of the United States conducted a radar test, he accidentally discovered that the chocolate in his pocket melted, thus discovering the characteristics of microwave heating of food, and unveiling the application history of microwave energy technology in the food industry. After the first page, people's research on microwave applications has continued to this day. At present, microwave energy technology has been widely used in the United States, Japan, Canada, and Europe. It has shown great vitality in solving various heating technologies, cooking, insect killing, sterilization, and thawing in the food industry. In Japan, where the climate is mild and humid, microwaves account for more than 60% of all industrial applications for food heating, insecticide, mold control, and sterilization.
The industrial microwave application in our country started from the food industry. In 1975, the first tunnel-type microwave heating equipment was put into use at the Shanghai Children's Food Factory. The original steam was dried for 6-8 hours, shortened to 9 minutes, and the problems of crushing, failure, mildew and other problems were solved, saving labor. %, to achieve automation of production. Since then, rapid drying of solid beverages, cakes, soy products, grains, herbs, etc., the baking of fish products, dried fruits, the aging of alcohol, and the rapid low-temperature sterilization and sterilization of milk and soft-packed foods have been applied. And achieved significant benefits.
Microwave energy technology is a complex application technology: Microwave heating is the direct and consistent heating of the entire surface through microwaves and food interactions. In food, water is an important component, and the positive and negative charge centers of gravity in water molecules do not coincide and show polarity. In general, the thermal motion of a molecule does not exhibit macroscopic polarity. However, under the influence of an external electric field (such as a microwave field), the original disorganized polar molecules must undergo rapid and repeated turns with the microwave field and be subjected to molecular thermal motion. Interference and obstruction of the intermolecular forces produce a similar friction effect. As a result, the energy obtained by the molecules from the microwave field is converted into the thermal motion of the molecules, the molecular motion is intensified, and the temperature of the food rises to achieve the purpose of heating and drying. In addition, microwave sterilization is the process of mutating proteins and physiologically active substances in microorganisms such as insects in foods, causing the growth and development of microorganisms to be delayed and died, thus achieving the purpose of insecticide, sterilization, and preservation of foods. In addition, in the food industry, the most successful and most distinctive application is the use of microwaves for the dry sterilization of powdered materials.
Since the microwave energy technology achieves a certain processing objective by simultaneously producing a series of thermal and non-thermal biochemical interactions between the food and the microwave throughout the food table, it has the following characteristics:
1. Energy conservation: Since the microwave directly heats the object, there is no additional heat loss, and the heating system itself is not heated, so energy saving and power saving can generally save 30% to 50%.
2. Fast heating: Conventional heating requires heating of the environment and heat transfer medium, so it takes a long time to reach the required heating temperature. The microwave heating is that the heated object directly absorbs the microwave to generate heat immediately, so the heating speed is much higher than the conventional heating method, thereby increasing the productivity and accelerating the cash flow.
3, heating uniform: conventional heating is the first surface of the object heat, and then through the heat transfer of heat to the inside of the article, and microwave heating is the entire article at the same time heating, so heating evenly, will not occur outside the coke phenomenon, improve product quality.
4, low-temperature sterilization, maintain nutrition: microwave energy sterilization is sterilized through special heat and non-thermal effects, so compared with conventional heat sterilization, with low temperature, short-term sterilization characteristics, so not only safe, insurance, but also to maintain food Nutritional ingredients are not lost and destroyed.
5, easy to control, easy to achieve production automation: microwave energy food processing equipment to facilitate control, no control of the time inertia, and according to different food processing process specifications, with the help of microprocessors to adjust the preset program at any time, and the quality of automatic monitoring and control, So easy to achieve production automation.
6. Improve working conditions and save floor space: The microwave energy equipment is free from waste heat and pollution, itself does not generate heat, does not radiate heat, so the working conditions are greatly improved, and the equipment is compact in structure and the area of ​​the plant is saved. The application of microwave energy technology is a theoretically strong and comprehensive science and technology that involves a wide range of fields, both conceptually and in principle.
At present, industrial microwave energy application technology has developed rapidly. Domestic famous microwave equipment manufacturers, such as Henan Boda and Nanjing Sanle, are conducting special research and development. It is expected that the use rate of dry sterilization microwave equipment in the food industry in China will reach 1 million units this year. .
Domestic food industry drying sterilization equipment is entering the era of industrial microwave, industry experts Zhao Zhikai said: According to the latest survey data from domestic authoritative survey agencies, the domestic food industry is gradually using industrial microwave sterilization drying equipment for production, energy savings significantly reduce the overall cost, It is generally welcomed and affirmed by the companies that use them.